SUMMARY: Skills and Skills improvement

coder at ibm.net coder at ibm.net
Sun Nov 2 13:10:10 CET 1997


This is a MIME encapsulated message.

--===_345CED53_==
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

The following is a summary by Marian Griffith of the Skills and Skills
improvement threads a while back.  It also happens to be our first ever
summary -- thanks Marian!  A copy of the original HTML version is attached
to this post.

<<Sorry for the delay in posting -- RL has been interesting and quite
simply, I forgot>>

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

Summary


My personal comments are in italic. I have attempted to apply some logical
order to the discussion. There's several original articles missing that I
apparently did not save, or moved to a different discussion. My appologies
if the resulting summary looks somewhat fragmented. Marian



Chris Lawrence
[levels are measurement tools. Experience points measure distance between
levels. They have no relation with power though]
Levels are easy targets for players. They want short term goals to
achieve. Having skills show up at levels encourages this view. Skill trees
do solve some of the above but usually require certain skills to be
learned before others become available. Skills really should be available
to all characters at any time and by attempting them they should get
better at them.
This post was the first that shifted the original discussion about levels
towards one that discussed skills and skill development. Also the entire
improving skills through practise is one of the main themes of this entire
discussion.


Adam Wiggins
[Somebody uses levels (ranks) in skill development. How does this relate
to character levels?]
There are two issues here. Skill levels are what is usually shown to the
player. Grades are assigned by an organisation to denote general abilities
within that organisation. They need not reflect the skill levels and may
(preferably) be assigned by players, not by the game. This also introduces
politics in the game. 
This is apparently a post from the start of the discussion before it got
its later focus. 


Here there is a crucial post by Orion Henry missing. It introduced the
biggest problem associated with skill improvement. It encourages players
to repeatedly practise a skill until it improves. 

Marian Griffith
[Orion Henry: Healers sitting in town healing people all day should get
very good at just that. No other skills should improve though. So she
should not be able to deal with unfamiliar diseases or wounds.] This
argues that people in a town give money to a healer to increase her
skills, just in case an emergency occurs and they need more expert help.
This also is true for all professions.
They must be able to learn new skills from other players. 
Learning is done by a teacher who can show what to do and a student trying
to emulate it. After learning there is need for practise to improve the
skill to usefull levels.
The remark in blue sparked off a lot of discussion, though there were
other posts that I can't find anymore. The question whether skills should
be learned from players, mobiles, the game (level and guildmaster), all of
them, or none certainly was what kept the thread going 

     Adam Wiggins
     Agrees with the idea that townsfolk support their healer to
     broaden her knowledge so she can deal with more than the every
     day injuries. Added to that it also makes sense that a better
     healer can ask higher fees instead. And that people will better
     protect such healers for their valuable knowledge.
     Here is were a side thread comes in, one on risk being involved
     in learning new things.
     It makes sense that players should be able to increase their
     combative skills without risk involved, however there is a
     trade-off of risk against reward. More dangerous activities
     should have a higher reward but that does not mean they are the
     only interesting possibility.
     If a student can only learn from players there is no way for the
     first players to learn anything
     Again a critical remark that got a lot of attention throughout the
     entire discussion


     Chris Gray
     If players can't get better at their skills than their teacher this
     would mean that eventually all knowledge is lost as each
     generation gets a little worse at the skill. In reality students can
     become better than their teachers and they may discover new
     techniques. Even large amount of mindless practise should
     occasionally be rewarded.

         Marian Griffith
         Agrees with Chris Gray's point. Perhaps a better solution
         would be if the players can consciously decided to study a
         skill in an attempt to improve on it without aid from a
         teacher or to invent new skills. This should require a lot of
         time and investment such that most players would not
         bother with it. Nor should the game force them to do so.



     Chris Lawrence
     Somehow practising a skill should improve a player's mastery of
     it. By doing something a lot of time the player should be right to
     expect to get better at it. 
     This ties in with the missing post by Orion Henry
     This requires a finely grained difference of skills. E.g. Chopping
     wood all the time should make a player better at doing just that.
     It does not necessarily mean that player gets any better at
     fighting with an axe. Unless the skills are grained very finely
     there is going to be a problem with overlap between similar
     skills. But that is going to cause a problem with the number of
     skills.
     Having to search for a specific teacher to magically increase ones
     skill is not attractive. Trying to find and persuade another player
     to do the same is much more attractive. The original skills could
     come from the wizards of the game or players can discover
     skills.
     The last remark refers to Chris Gray's post. Also the presence of
     teachers became a hot topic for the discussion.


         Adam Wiggins
         Mobiles are always available. And the allow to tie in
         quests. This should not be the only way to learn though,
         just the fastest. Speed at which one learns depends on the
         difference between your skill and that of the opponent.
         Teachers should not be the only option. A player must be
         able to master skills without any help.



              Chris Gray
              Improvement should only follow attempt
              (successfull) of things more difficult than
              previously.


              Jamie Norrish
              Using a skill improves on it. Teaching/instruction
              may be helpfull.



     Marian Griffith

     Some missing previous posts discussed the necessity of teachers.
     Rather than assuming they were convenience this sub thread
     assumes they are necessary
     Players could start with a certain (low) potential for all possible
     skills. They can practise skills and improve their actual ability
     to that potential. They can also receive teaching and increase
     their potential for one or more skills. Practice won't improve the
     potential and teaching won't improve the actual skill. 
     Or, players can invest time and resources into increase their
     knowledge beyond the limit of their teaching. Ideally it should
     even allow them to introduce entirely new skills (the wizards of
     the game allowing this of course).
     In a separate thread Chris Lawrence and Adam Wiggins
     discussed the difference between theoretical knowledge and
     practical application of that knowledge, which seems similar to
     the potential vs ability above.


         A missing post by Adam Wiggins discussed the idea of
         learning through practising. An example with learning to
         juggle balls was given 

         Marian Griffith Learning entirely new things is not
         possible by just attempting them. Certainly not to any
         degree that is usefull. At some point examples or teaching
         are needed.
         As Adam Wiggins pointed out players can become no
         more than mediocre in a skill unless they receive teaching.
         Watching another player or mobile do something and
         attempting to reproduce it already is a form of teaching.
         Active involvement of the teacher ought to speed up this
         and increase the chance of success.
         This ties back into previous posts that further explore this
         issue Especial Adam Wiggin's. 


Finally a post by Matt Chatterley that is not connected to the entire
Skill Development thread but raises some interesting questions that
deserve to be studied more closely

Matt Chatterley
Skills and knowledge are currently handled clumsily, suited to pen and
paper (mud) style of playing and not conductive to roleplaying. Two
proposals how to change this situation.

  1.Have a range of skills for social, mental, physical, etc. Problem
     is that unless there is use for those skills players are going to
     ignore them, in favour of more usefull (typically combat
     oriented) skills. 
  2.Strongly RP focussed games should not have skills at all, but
     rather be free form. There should not be combat code (or
     anything else) coded into the game. Problem here is that of most
     mushes where people are often waiting for something to happen,
     which doesn't. 


Summary by Marian Griffith 


--
J C Lawrence                               Internet: claw at null.net
----------(*)                              Internet: coder at ibm.net
...Honourary Member of Clan McFud -- Teamer's Avenging Monolith...
--===_345CED53_==
Content-Type: application/octet-stream; name="Summary"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
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--===_345CED53_==
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit



--===_345CED53_==--




More information about the mud-dev-archive mailing list